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by Edgar Martinez

Standards, Services and Patents

Feb 16, 2011 at 11:22 pm in Telephony by Edgar Martinez · Leave a Comment »

Standards

Standards contribute to a harmonized market for telecommunications networks and services. Not all network operators embrace these benefits like the old BELL system but, standards are here anyway and in some cases forced by law:

Benefits

The manufacturer; he can sell the same equipment to many customers, including network operators and consumers in many countries. He has one set of technical requirements which are recognized by authorities in many countries.

  1. The network operator, who can build equipment built by a number of different  [read more →]
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by LT contributor

High Speed Packet Access

Jul 26, 2010 at 11:19 pm in Video Tutorial by LT contributor · Leave a Comment »

High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) is a collection of two mobile telephony protocols, High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), that extends and improves the performance of existing WCDMA protocols. A further standard, Evolved HSPA (also known as HSPA+), was released late in 2008 with subsequent adoption worldwide into 2010.

Ref:
Wikipedia
HSPA, the Undisputed Choice for Mobile Broadband (Ericsson White Paper)

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by LT contributor

Learn about SMS Hubbing

Jul 22, 2010 at 10:27 pm in GSM by LT contributor · 3 Comments »

Hubbing SMS Call Flow

Why SMS Hubbing?

Every operator has the need to establish roaming agreements in order to provide subscribers with the possibility to roam outside their home network. The overall cost of establishing bi-lateral relationships is preventing some operators from opening new roaming and Inter-working agreements. With the introduction of more new services the problem will become more evident and the overall costs greater. This is a particular concern for the newer GSM networks, those networks that are late entries into the  [read more →]

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by Shri

SMS in GSM Network

Jul 19, 2010 at 9:45 am in GSM by Shri · 56 Comments »

# SMS (Short Message Service) is the transmission of short text messages to and from a mobile phone, or any other device capable of generating the SMS. It is composed of a maximum of 160 characters, each coded on 7 bits (GSM) or 140 bytes.
# End to end SMS delivery completes in two parts, First SMS submission in SMSC (Short Message Service Centre) by originating subscriber, second Delivery of SMS to recipient subscriber. So SMS is a Stored and Forward Service.

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by LT contributor

Go Green Telecom

Jul 6, 2010 at 10:27 pm in GSM by LT contributor · Leave a Comment »

This not to scare you at the first instance. A plain logical calculation which is something of botheration here. There are 5,773,000 cubic miles of water in ice caps, glaciers, and permanent snow. According to the National Snow and Ice Data Center, if all glaciers melted today the sea would rise about 230 feet. Luckily, that’s not going to happen all in one go! But sea levels will rise. Sorry if you feel threatened but avoiding this is not our responsibility or  [read more →]

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by Madhan

Open Shortest Path First(OSPF)

Jun 27, 2010 at 8:51 pm in Protocol by Madhan · 1 Comment »

OSPF is an open-standard, classless routing protocol that converges quickly and uses bandwidth as a metric. OSPF is a link-state routing protocol and uses Dijkstra’s Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm to determine its best path to each network. The OSPF protocol performs the two basic primary functions:

  • Path Selection and
  • Path Switching.

OSPF Network Structure

OSPF routing domains are broken up into areas. An OSPF network must contain an area 0, and may contain other areas. The SPF algorithm runs within an area,  [read more →]

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Voice and Signaling Erlang Calculation

at 2:19 pm in SS7 by LT contributor · Leave a Comment »

Erlang

The objective of teletraffic theory can be formulated as follows:

“To make the traffic measurable in well de fined units through mathematical models and to derive the relationship between grade-of-service and system capacity in such a way that the theory becomes a tool by which investments can be planned.”

The goal when planning a telecommunication system is to adjust the amount of equipment so that variations in the subscriber demand for calls can be satis ed  [read more →]

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Introduction to 3G

Jun 21, 2010 at 10:39 pm in 3G by LT contributor · Leave a Comment »

CDMA is generally considered as the future of cellular technology. CDMA based networks can carry a larger number of calls, are faster, more secure, and larger areas can be covered with fewer base stations. No wonder, then, that the two technologies that might dominate the 3G world are based on the CDMA principle.

A 3G Mobile Phone with streaming Video Existing GSM networks will proceed to use a technique called W-CDMA (Wideband CDMA), which uses CDMA, but will  [read more →]

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Basic SS7

Jun 17, 2010 at 12:10 am in SS7 by LT contributor · 1 Comment »

Why SS7?

Public Telephone Networks(PTNs) typically are composed of a signaling and transport network. The signaling network controls the setup and message transfer of cells, as well as advanced features such as calling card and toll-free service. The signaling network controls the voice and data circuts in transport network. The primary signaling protocol in use today is signaling systems 7(SS7), which interconnects networks such as SSP, SCP

The SS7 architecture comprises three signaling points: services switching points(SSPs), signal transfer Points (STPs)  [read more →]

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What is Signaling

Jun 16, 2010 at 12:04 am in SS7 by LT contributor · Leave a Comment »

In telephony, signaling is the exchange of information between involved points in the network that sets up, controls, and terminates each telephone call. In in-band signaling , the signaling is on the same channel as the telephone call. In out-of-band signaling , signaling is on separate channels dedicated for the purpose.